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<title>Open Packaging Conventions</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Open Packaging Conventions</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="OPF_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="OPF (file format)">Open Packaging Format</a> (OPF), an unrelated format that describes the structure of an <a href="EPUB" title="EPUB">EPUB</a> file in XML.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Open Packaging Conventions (OPC)</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">OPC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname" lang="en">Office Open XML File Formats - Open Packaging

Conventions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">December 7, 2006<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2006-12-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">ISO/IEC 29500-2:2021<br>August 2021<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2021-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma</a>, <a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base standards</th><td class="infobox-data">ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500-2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="ZIP_(file_format)" title="ZIP (file format)">ZIP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Electronic_document" title="Electronic document">Electronic documents</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-376/">ECMA-376</a>,<br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/77818.html">ISO/IEC 29500-2:2021</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Open Packaging Conventions</b> (OPC) is a container-file technology initially created by <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> to store a combination of <a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a> and non-XML files that together form a single entity such as an <a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a> (OpenXPS) document. OPC-based file formats combine the advantages of leaving the independent file entities embedded in the document intact and resulting in much smaller files compared to normal use of XML.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2></div>

<p>The OPC is specified in Part 2 of the <a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> standards <b><a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> 29500:2008</b> and <b><a href="Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>-376</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-ecma-376_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecma-376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The ISO/IEC 29500-2:2008 specification and the second edition of ECMA-376 makes a normative reference to <a href="PKWARE%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="PKWARE, Inc.">PKWARE, Inc.</a>'s <i>.ZIP File Format Specification</i> version 6.2.0 (2004), and supplements it with a normative set of clarifications. Note: The older first edition of ECMA-376 makes an informative (<i>i.e.</i>, non-normative) reference to the newer PKWARE Inc's ".ZIP File Format Specification" version 6.2.1 (2005).<sup id="cite_ref-ecma-376_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecma-376-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ZIP format is not specified by any international standard but has widespread community and developer acceptance.

</p><p>Microsoft submitted a draft in 2006 to the <a href="Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> for a "pack" <a href="Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI Scheme</a> (<code>pack://</code>) to be used for URI references to OPC-based packages. The draft expired in 2009, the specified syntax is incompatible with the <a href="Internet_Standard" title="Internet Standard">Internet Standard</a> for URI schemes (STD 66, RFC 3986).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheme is now listed as <i>historical</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The ISO 19165:1-2018 recommends the use of the Open Packaging Conventions to implement the Geospatial Package defined in the <a href="Open_Archival_Information_System" title="Open Archival Information System">Open Archival Information System</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>Both the <a href="XML_Paper_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="XML Paper Specification">XML Paper Specification</a> (XPS)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> (OOXML) use Open Packaging Conventions (OPC), which provide a profile of the common <a href="ZIP_(file_format)" title="ZIP (file format)">ZIP</a> format. In addition to data and document content in XML markup, files in the ZIP package can include other text and binary files in formats such as <a href="Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, <a href="Windows_and_OS/2_bitmap" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows and OS/2 bitmap">BMP</a>, <a href="Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a>, <a href="Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>, <a href="Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">RTF</a>, or even an already packaged <a href="OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">ODF</a> file. OPC also defines some naming conventions and an indirection method to allow position independence of binary and XML files in the ZIP archive.

</p><p>OPC files can be opened using common ZIP utilities. OPC allow indirection, <a href="#Chunking">chunking</a> and <a href="#Relative_indirection">relative indirection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="File_formats_using_the_OPC">File formats using the OPC</h3></div>

<p>The OPC is the foundation technology for many new file formats:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>File format

</th>

<th><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a>

</th>

<th>Content

</th>

<th>Standard

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>3MF Consortium <a href="3D_Manufacturing_Format" title="3D Manufacturing Format">3D Manufacturing Format</a> (3MF) file format<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.3mf

</td>

<td><a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> design data for additive manufacturing (<a href="3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>)

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a> <a href="AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> Design Web Format (DWFX) file format<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.dwfx

</td>

<td><a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> design data (<a href="2d_computer_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="2d computer graphics">2D</a>/<a href="3d_computer_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="3d computer graphics">3D</a> <a href="Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> and <a href="Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">technical drawings</a>)

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="AutomationML" title="AutomationML">AutomationML</a> container format

</td>

<td>.amlx

</td>

<td>Plant engineering information

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Circuit Diagram Document<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.cddx

</td>

<td><a href="Circuit_diagram" title="Circuit diagram">Circuit diagram</a> containing layout, connections and embedded components

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Family.Show#File_format" title="Family.Show">Family.Show</a> file format<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.familyx

</td>

<td><a href="Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogical</a> family data, stories, and photos

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Field Device Integration FDI Packages<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.fdix

</td>

<td>Field Device Integration information

</td>

<td><a href="IEC_62769" class="mw-redirect" title="IEC 62769">IEC 62769</a>-4:2015

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Application_Virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Application Virtualization">Microsoft Application Virtualization</a> file format

</td>

<td>.appv

</td>

<td>Portable application

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Power_BI" title="Microsoft Power BI">Microsoft Power BI</a> report file format

</td>

<td>.pbix

</td>

<td><a href="Data_and_information_visualization" title="Data and information visualization">Data and information visualization</a> report file

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Power_BI" title="Microsoft Power BI">Microsoft Power BI</a> template file format

</td>

<td>.pbit

</td>

<td>Data and information visualization template file

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Semblio" title="Microsoft Semblio">Microsoft Semblio</a> file format

</td>

<td>.semblio

</td>

<td>Interactive learning material, such as e-books containing images, audio, and video

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</a> 2010+ Extensions file format

</td>

<td>.vsix

</td>

<td><a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">Integrated development environment</a> extension

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Visio" title="Microsoft Visio">Microsoft Visio</a> 2013 drawing file format

</td>

<td>.vsdx

</td>

<td>Replaces .vsd (Visio binary file) and .vdx (Visio XML Drawing) formats used in earlier versions<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Microsoft <a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, <a href="Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a> and <a href="Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">Windows Phone 8.1</a> App Package<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.appx

</td>

<td><a href="Software_package_(installation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software package (installation)">Software package</a> for applications listed on Microsoft's <a href="Windows_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Store">Windows Store</a> and <a href="Windows_Phone_Store" title="Windows Phone Store">Windows Phone Store</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Microsoft <a href="Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a> and <a href="Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">Windows Phone 8.1</a> App Bundle<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.appxbundle

</td>

<td><a href="Software_package_(installation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software package (installation)">Software package</a> that bundles hardware platforms, languages, and resources for an application listed on Microsoft's <a href="Windows_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Store">Windows Store</a> and <a href="Windows_Phone_Store" title="Windows Phone Store">Windows Phone Store</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Microsoft <a href="Windows_Azure" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Azure">Windows Azure</a> C# Package

</td>

<td>.cspkg

</td>

<td><a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud platform</a> data

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Microsoft <a href="XML_Paper_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="XML Paper Specification">XML Paper Specification</a>

</td>

<td>.xps

</td>

<td>Fixed document for document exchange

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>MiraMon open compressed map

</td>

<td>.mmzx

</td>

<td>Geographic information (<a href="Geospatial" class="mw-redirect" title="Geospatial">Geospatial</a> <a href="Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster graphics</a>, <a href="Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> and <a href="Table_(information)" title="Table (information)">tabular</a> data, symbolization and <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> in files, links to geoservices, etc.)

</td>

<td><a href="ISO_19165" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19165">ISO 19165</a>-1:2018

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="NuGet" title="NuGet">NuGet</a> Package

</td>

<td>.nupkg

</td>

<td><a href="Software_package_(installation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software package (installation)">Software package</a> for a <a href="Package_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management system">package management system</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> Document

</td>

<td>.docx

</td>

<td><a href="Word_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing">Word processing</a> document

</td>

<td>ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> Presentation

</td>

<td>.pptx

</td>

<td><a href="Presentation" title="Presentation">Presentation</a> file

</td>

<td>ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> Workbook

</td>

<td>.xlsx

</td>

<td><a href="Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">Spreadsheet</a> workbook

</td>

<td>ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a>

</td>

<td>.oxps

</td>

<td>Fixed document for document exchange

</td>

<td>ECMA-388

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Platform Industrie 4.0 - Administrative Asset Shell<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.aasx

</td>

<td>Package file format for Administrative Asset Shells (AAS)

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software" title="Siemens Digital Industries Software">Siemens Digital Industries Software</a> file format

</td>

<td>.jtx

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="MathWorks" title="MathWorks">MathWorks</a> <a href="Simulink" title="Simulink">Simulink</a> model file

</td>

<td>.slx

</td>

<td>Dynamic system specification for <a href="Model-based_design" title="Model-based design">Model-based design</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="SMPTE" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPTE">SMPTE</a> Media Package

</td>

<td>.smpk

</td>

<td>Storage format for distribution and playback of multimedia video and audio files

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.smpte.org/content/978-1-61482-646-0/st-2053-2011/SEC1.abstract?sid=c2b2423b-8fcd-4081-be0a-6d59d3714417">SMPTE ST 2053-2011</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="SpaceClaim" title="SpaceClaim">SpaceClaim</a> 3D <a href="Solid_modeling" title="Solid modeling">solid model</a> file<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>.scdoc

</td>

<td>Embedded 3D CAD data files include <a href="ACIS#Save_File_Types" title="ACIS">Standard ACIS Binary (SAB)</a> solid model files

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Microsoft <a href="XAML" class="mw-redirect" title="XAML">XAML</a> Package

</td>

<td>–

</td>

<td><i>Not a specification.</i> Function supported by <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> only for saving <a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">WPF</a> FlowDocument with images<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programming">Programming</h3></div>

<p>OPC is natively supported in Microsoft <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> 3.0 by the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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</style><span class="monospaced">System.IO.Packaging</span> namespace. Open source libraries exist for other languages.

</p><p>Since <a href="Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>, OPC is also natively supported in the <a href="Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a> through a set of <a href="Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> interfaces, collectively referred to as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd371623.aspx">Packaging API</a>.

</p><p>Alternatively, ZIP libraries can be used to create and open OPC files, as long as the correct files are included in the ZIP and the conventions followed.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Package,_parts,_and_relationships">Package, parts, and relationships</h2></div>

<p>In OPC terminology, the term <i>package</i> corresponds to a ZIP archive and the term <i>part</i> corresponds to a file stored within the ZIP. Every part in a package has a unique URI-compliant part name along with a specified content-type expressed in the form of a <a href="MIME_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="MIME media type">MIME</a> <a href="Internet_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet media type">media type</a>. A part's content-type explicitly defines the type of data stored in the part and reduces duplication and ambiguity issues inherent with <a href="File_extensions" class="mw-redirect" title="File extensions">file extensions</a>.

</p><p>OPC packages can also include <i>relationships</i> that define associations between the package, parts, and external resources. In addition to a hierarchy of directories and parts, OPC packages commonly use <i>relationships</i> to access content through a <a href="Directed_graph" title="Directed graph">directed graph</a> of relationship associations. Relationships are composed of four elements:

</p>

<dl><dd><ul><li>an identifier (ID)</li>

<li>an optional source (the package or a part within the package)</li>

<li>a relationship type (a URI-style expression that defines the type of the relationship)</li>

<li>a target (a <a href="URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URI</a> to another part within the package or to an external resource)</li></ul></dd></dl>

<p>OPC packages can store parts that contain any type of data (text, images, XML, binary, whatever). The extension ".rels", however, is reserved for storing relationships metadata within "/_rels" subfolders. The subfolder name "_rels", the file extension ".rels" within such directory, and the filename "[Content_Types].xml" in any folder are the only three reserved names for files stored in an OPC package.

</p>

<dl><dd><dl><dt>/[Content_Types].xml file</dt>

<dd>This file defines the <a href="MIME_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="MIME media type">MIME</a> <a href="Internet_media_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet media type">media types</a> for all the parts stored in the package. The "/[Content_Types].xml" file defines default mappings based on file extensions, along with overrides for specific parts with content-types that are different from the file extension defaults. For example, one of these defined MIME types is:

<dl><dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="nt"><Default</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Extension=</span><span class="s">"rels"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">ContentType=</span><span class="s">"application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.relationships+xml"</span><span class="nt">/></span>

</pre></div></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<dd>The root level "/_rels" folder stores the relationships for the package as a whole. The "/_rels" folder normally contains a file named ".rels". "/_rels/.rels" is an XML file where the starting <i>package-level relationships</i> are stored. Normally when opening an OPC-based file, applications start by accessing to the "/_rels/.rels" file to read the starting package-level relationships.</dd>

<dt><i>[partname]</i>.rels</dt>

<dd>Each part may have its own relationships. The <i>_rels</i> folders are where one goes to find the relationships for any given part within the package. To find the relationships for a specific part, one looks in the "_rels" folder that is a sibling of that part: If the part has relationships, the "_rels" folder will contain a file that has one's original part name with a ".rels" appended to it. For example, if the content types part file had any relationships, there would be a file called "[Content_Types].xml.rels" inside the "/_rels" folder.</dd></dl></dd></dl>

<p>All relationships (including the relations associated to the root package) are represented as XML files. If you open a ".rels" file in a text editor, you can view the actual XML markup that defines all the relationships targeted from that part. A typical relationships file contains XML code like this:

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="nt"><Relationships</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships"</span><span class="nt">></span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Relationship</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Id=</span><span class="s">"R0"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Type=</span><span class="s">"http://schemas.microsoft.com/xps/2005/06/fixedrepresentation"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Target=</span><span class="s">"/FixedDocumentSequence.fdseq"</span><span class="nt">/></span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Relationship</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Id=</span><span class="s">"R1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Type=</span><span class="s">"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships/metadata/thumbnail"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">Target=</span><span class="s">"/Documents/1/Metadata/Page1_Thumbnail.JPG"</span><span class="nt">/></span>

</pre></div>

<p>which defines two relations for the root package, the first one being considered as the root package (here for an early <i>Microsoft XPS</i> document, before it was standardized as <a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a> within the openxmlformats collection), and the other one being used to reference an alternate form (here a thumbnail rendered image of the first page of the document).

</p><p>The main parts of the embedded documents are often stored within a folder named "/Document" (which may contain subdirectories itself, if the file contains several related documents each of them with various parts), and the optional metadata parts that are not needed for processing the main parts of the document are stored in a folder named "/Metadata"; however these actual folder names are actually specified within the XML-formatted data in "<i>[partname]</i>.rels" relationship files and the OPC specification allows any folder organisation that is convenient for the application and these two folder names are not required.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chunking">Chunking</h3></div>

<p>It encourages documents to be split into small chunks. This is better for reducing the effect of file corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-chunk_indirection_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chunk_indirection-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And better for data access: for example, all the style information in one XML part, each separate worksheet or table in their own different parts. This allows faster access and less object creation for clients and makes it easier for multiple processes to be working on the same document.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relative_indirection">Relative indirection</h3></div>

<p>In the Open Packaging Conventions, each file that has reference has its own <i>_rels</i> file with the indirection lists. This makes it easier to cut and paste some information with all its associated resources in some cases, provides name scoping to remove the chance of name clashing between files, and so on.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c061796_ISO_IEC_29500-2_2012.zip">Download specification ISO/IEC 29500-2:2012</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163372.aspx">OPC: A New Standard for Packaging Your Data</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee361919(office.11).aspx">Essentials of the Open Packaging Conventions</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd890995.aspx">OPC Digital Signatures: Application Guidelines for Common Criteria Security</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/opc/">Packaging team blog</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223155346/http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/os_opc/threads">Open Packaging Conventions (OPC) MSDN Forum</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa480199.aspx">The Addressing Model of the Open Packaging Conventions</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/dmahugh/archive/2007/09/11/open-xml-implementation-test-documents.aspx">OPC implementation test documents</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codeplex.com/PackageExplorer/">OPC package explorer</a> to edit XML parts</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/67325.html">ISO 19165-1:2018</a> ISO 19165 Geographic information – Preservation of digital data and metadata – Part 1: Fundamentals</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Archive_formats540" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Archive_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive format">Archive formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compressing only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brotli" title="Brotli">Brotli</a></li>

<li><a href="Compress_(software)" title="Compress (software)">compress</a></li>

<li><a href="Zopfli" title="Zopfli">Zopfli</a></li>

<li><a href="Zstd" title="Zstd">Zstandard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving<br>and compressing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">Cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Lrzip" class="mw-redirect" title="Lrzip">lrzip</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Package_format" title="Package format">Software packaging<br>and distributing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Jakarta_Connectors" title="Jakarta Connectors">Jakarta EE RAR</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_(macOS)" title="Package (macOS)">Package (macOS)</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Document packaging<br>and distributing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Open_eBook" title="Open eBook">OEB Package Format</a></li>

<li><a href="EPUB" title="EPUB">OEBPS Container Format</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="Comparison_of_archive_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of archive formats">Comparison</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_APIs_and_frameworks486" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Microsoft_APIs_and_frameworks486" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_Microsoft_Windows_application_programming_interfaces_and_frameworks" title="List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks">Microsoft APIs and frameworks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Graphics and UI</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct2D" title="Direct2D">Direct2D</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct3D" title="Direct3D">Direct3D</a></li>

<li><a href="D3DX" title="D3DX">D3D (extensions)</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_UI_Library" title="Windows UI Library">WinUI</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Color_System" title="Windows Color System">Windows Color System</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Image_Acquisition" title="Windows Image Acquisition">Windows Image Acquisition</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Imaging_Component" title="Windows Imaging Component">Windows Imaging Component</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Graphics_Infrastructure" title="DirectX Graphics Infrastructure">DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Advanced_Rasterization_Platform" title="Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform">Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectMusic" title="DirectMusic">DirectMusic</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectSound" title="DirectSound">DirectSound</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Speech_API" title="Microsoft Speech API">Speech API</a></li>

<li><a href="XAudio2" title="XAudio2">XAudio2</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a>

<ul><li><a href="DirectX_Media_Objects" class="mw-redirect" title="DirectX Media Objects">Media Objects</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Video_Acceleration" title="DirectX Video Acceleration">Video Acceleration</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xinput" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinput">Xinput</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectInput" title="DirectInput">DirectInput</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a></li>

<li><a href="Managed_DirectX" title="Managed DirectX">Managed DirectX</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_Foundation" title="Media Foundation">Media Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media" title="Windows Media">Windows Media</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Web</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Gadgets" title="Microsoft Gadgets">SideBar Gadgets</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Data access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Data_Access_Components" title="Microsoft Data Access Components">Data Access Components (MDAC)</a>

<li><a href="Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Sync_Framework" title="Microsoft Sync Framework">Sync Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access Database Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="MSXML" title="MSXML">MSXML</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Winsock" title="Winsock">Winsock</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Vista_networking_technologies#Winsock_Kernel" title="Windows Vista networking technologies">Winsock Kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Filtering_Platform" title="Windows Filtering Platform">Filtering Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Rally" title="Windows Rally">Windows Rally</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectPlay" title="DirectPlay">DirectPlay</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MAPI" title="MAPI">Messaging API</a></li>

<li><a href="Telephony_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Telephony Application Programming Interface">Telephony API</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Administration and<br>management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Win32_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Win32 console">Win32 console</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Management_Instrumentation" title="Windows Management Instrumentation">WMI (extensions)</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Vista_I/O_technologies#Offline_Files" title="Windows Vista I/O technologies">Offline Files</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer#Windows_Event_Log" title="Event Viewer">Event Log</a></li>

<li><a href="Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">Common Log File System</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">Component model</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">Distributed Component Object Model</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Framework_Class_Library" title="Framework Class Library">Framework Class Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Foundation_Class_Library" title="Microsoft Foundation Class Library">Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_Template_Library" title="Active Template Library">Active Template Library (ATL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Template_Library" title="Windows Template Library">Windows Template Library (WTL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_CryptoAPI" title="Microsoft CryptoAPI">Crypto API</a>

<ul><li><a href="CAPICOM" title="CAPICOM">CAPICOM</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">Windows CardSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Protection_API" title="Data Protection API">Data Protection API</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Support_Provider_Interface" title="Security Support Provider Interface">Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">Remoting</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Software_Factory_(Microsoft_.NET)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software Factory (Microsoft .NET)">Software factories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Enterprise_Library" title="Microsoft Enterprise Library">Enterprise Library</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">IPC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_RPC" title="Microsoft RPC">MSRPC</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_Data_Exchange" title="Dynamic Data Exchange">Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">Remoting</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Accessibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Active_Accessibility" title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">Active Accessibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_UI_Automation" title="Microsoft UI Automation">UI Automation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Text and multilingual<br>support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectWrite" title="DirectWrite">DirectWrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_Services_Framework" title="Text Services Framework">Text Services Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_Object_Model" title="Text Object Model">Text Object Model</a></li>

<li><a href="Input_method" title="Input method">Input method editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Language_Interface_Pack" title="Language Interface Pack">Language Interface Pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilingual_User_Interface" title="Multilingual User Interface">Multilingual User Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniscribe" title="Uniscribe">Uniscribe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autodesk_AutoCAD54" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Autodesk_AutoCAD54" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a> <a href="AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="File_format" title="File format">File formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AutoLISP" title="AutoLISP">AutoLISP</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison of computer-aided design software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer-aided_design_(CAD)_software385" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Computer-aided_design_(CAD)_software385" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">Computer-aided design</a> (CAD) software</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and<br>open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="FreeCAD" title="FreeCAD">FreeCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="HeeksCAD" title="HeeksCAD">HeeksCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="LibreCAD" title="LibreCAD">LibreCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenSCAD" title="OpenSCAD">OpenSCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVSP" title="OpenVSP">OpenVSP</a></li>

<li><a href="RattleCAD" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="Salome_(software)" title="Salome (software)">Salome</a></li>

<li><a href="SolveSpace" title="SolveSpace">SolveSpace</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electric_(software)" title="Electric (software)">Electric</a></li>

<li><a href="FreePCB" title="FreePCB">FreePCB</a></li>

<li><a href="Fritzing" title="Fritzing">Fritzing</a></li>

<li>Horizon EDA</li>

<li><a href="KiCad" title="KiCad">KiCad</a></li>

<li><a href="KTechLab" title="KTechLab">kTechLab</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_(software)" title="Magic (software)">Magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Ngspice" title="Ngspice">ngspice</a></li>

<li><a href="Oregano_(software)" title="Oregano (software)">Oregano</a></li>

<li><a href="SPICE" title="SPICE">SPICE</a></li>

<li><a href="XCircuit" title="XCircuit">XCircuit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ABViewer" title="ABViewer">ABViewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Alibre_Design" title="Alibre Design">Alibre Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Archicad" title="Archicad">Archicad</a></li>

<li><a href="AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="Autodesk_Alias" title="Autodesk Alias">Autodesk Alias</a></li>

<li><a href="Autodesk_Inventor" title="Autodesk Inventor">Autodesk Inventor</a></li>

<li><a href="Autodesk_Revit" title="Autodesk Revit">Autodesk Revit</a></li>

<li><a href="AutoTURN" title="AutoTURN">AutoTURN</a></li>

<li><a href="BricsCAD" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="CATIA" title="CATIA">CATIA</a></li>

<li><a href="Cimatron" title="Cimatron">Cimatron</a></li>

<li><a href="Cobalt_(CAD_program)" title="Cobalt (CAD program)">Cobalt</a></li>

<li><a href="PTC_Creo_Elements/Direct_Drafting" title="PTC Creo Elements/Direct Drafting">Creo Elements/Direct Drafting</a>, <a href="Creo_Parametric" title="Creo Parametric">Creo Parametric</a></li>

<li><a href="DesignSpark_Mechanical" title="DesignSpark Mechanical">DesignSpark Mechanical</a></li>

<li><a href="FastCAD" title="FastCAD">FastCAD</a> (EasyCAD)</li>

<li><a href="FORAN_System" title="FORAN System">FORAN</a></li>

<li><a href="Fusion_360" title="Fusion 360">Fusion 360</a></li>

<li><a href="GstarCAD" title="GstarCAD">GstarCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="IRONCAD" title="IRONCAD">IRONCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">KeyCreator</a> (<i><a href="CADKEY" title="CADKEY">CADKEY</a></i>)</li>

<li><a href="MEDUSA4" title="MEDUSA4">MEDUSA4</a></li>

<li><a href="MicroStation" title="MicroStation">MicroStation</a></li>

<li><a href="Onshape" title="Onshape">Onshape</a></li>

<li><a href="Pro/DESKTOP" title="Pro/DESKTOP">Pro/DESKTOP</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhinoceros_3D" title="Rhinoceros 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a>

<ul><li><a href="Grasshopper_3D" title="Grasshopper 3D">Grasshopper 3D</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="RattleCAD#Source_closing" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD 4.0</a></li>

<li><a href="Shapr3D" title="Shapr3D">Shapr3D</a></li>

<li><a href="Solid_Edge" title="Solid Edge">Solid Edge</a></li>

<li><a href="SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sonata_(building_design_software)" title="Sonata (building design software)">Sonata</a></i> (<i><a href="RUCAPS" title="RUCAPS">RUCAPS</a></i>)</li>

<li><a href="SpaceClaim" title="SpaceClaim">SpaceClaim</a></li>

<li><a href="Tinkercad" title="Tinkercad">Tinkercad</a></li>

<li><a href="TurboCAD" title="TurboCAD">TurboCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="VariCAD" title="VariCAD">VariCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="ZWCAD" title="ZWCAD">ZWCAD</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Cadence_Design_Systems#PCB_and_packaging_technologies" title="Cadence Design Systems">Allegro</a> (<i><a href="OrCAD" title="OrCAD">OrCAD</a></i>)</li>

<li><a href="Altium_Designer" title="Altium Designer">Altium Designer</a> (<i><a href="Altium#History" title="Altium">Protel</a></i> (<i><a href="Autotrax" title="Autotrax">Autotrax</a></i> (<i>Easytrax</i>, <i>Tango PCB</i>)), <i><a href="P-CAD" title="P-CAD">P-CAD</a></i>)</li>

<li><a href="AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> Electrical</li>

<li><a href="Mentor_Graphics" title="Mentor Graphics">BoardStation, IntegraStation, PADS, Xpedition</a></li>

<li><a href="CADSTAR" title="CADSTAR">CADSTAR</a></li>

<li><a href="CircuitMaker" title="CircuitMaker">CircuitMaker</a></li>

<li><a href="DesignSpark_PCB" title="DesignSpark PCB">DesignSpark PCB</a></li>

<li><a href="DipTrace" title="DipTrace">DipTrace</a></li>

<li><a href="EAGLE_(program)" title="EAGLE (program)">EAGLE</a></li>

<li><a href="EasyEDA" title="EasyEDA">EasyEDA</a></li>

<li><a href="LTspice" title="LTspice">LTspice</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Micro-Cap" title="Micro-Cap">Micro-Cap</a></i></li>

<li><a href="NI_Multisim" title="NI Multisim">Multisim</a></li>

<li><a href="Proteus_Design_Suite" title="Proteus Design Suite">Proteus</a></li>

<li><a href="Pulsonix" title="Pulsonix">Pulsonix</a></li>

<li><a href="SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a> Electrical</li>

<li><a href="TARGET_(CAD_software)" title="TARGET (CAD software)">TARGET</a></li>

<li><a href="TopoR" title="TopoR">TopoR</a> (<a href="TopoR#Features" title="TopoR">Delta Design</a>, <i><a href="TopoR#History" title="TopoR">FreeStyle</a></i>)</li>

<li><a href="NI_Ultiboard" title="NI Ultiboard">Ultiboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Upverter" title="Upverter">Upverter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="File_format" title="File format">File formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">OpenDWG</a></li>

<li><a href="OrCAD#OrCAD_PSpice" title="OrCAD">PSpice</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geometric_modeling_kernel" title="Geometric modeling kernel">Modeling<br>kernels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Digital_Geometric_Kernel" title="Digital Geometric Kernel">Digital Geometric Kernel</a> (<i>KernelCAD</i>)</li>

<li><a href="IntelliCAD" title="IntelliCAD">IntelliCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">Open Design Alliance</a> (<i>Teigha</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Romulus_(modelling_kernel)" title="Romulus (modelling kernel)">Romulus</a> (<a href="Parasolid" title="Parasolid">Parasolid</a>)</li>

<li><a href="ShapeManager" title="ShapeManager">ShapeManager</a></li>

<li><a href="Solid_Modeling_Solutions" title="Solid Modeling Solutions">SMLib</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><i><a href="Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a></i> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="UNISURF" title="UNISURF">UNISURF</a> (1968)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> <b>= discontinued</b><br><a href="Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">Computer-aided industrial design</a> • <a href="Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison</a> • <a href="History_of_CAD_software" title="History of CAD software">History</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-13" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Open_Packaging_Conventions&oldid=1290148202">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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